Meaning and Symbolism in the Crucible by Arthur Miller

Crucible Meaning Essay Crucible, a noun defined as; a container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures, in the traditional sense but, it also means a severe, searching test or trial. The latter of the two definitions is exactly what Arthur Miller had in mind when he wrote the play, The Crucible. The play set in Salem Massachusetts during the start of the infamous Salem Witch Trials, is about the struggle to discover truth within the twisted and brutal lies flying about the little town, started mainly by a young girl by the name of Abigail Williams. Abigail Williams, as we quickly come to know, is the past mistress of the prominent Mr. John Proctor, a local farmer. As the tension rises in the†¦show more content†¦Abigail was being accused repeatedly of lying and making up all of the accusations which were of false nature. The many people who were hung because of her testimony was what would now hang over her head. When she was brought before Mary Warr en her false tears and outcries of pain were all an act, but in her mind she was the only one who was correct in her dealings. Abigail was for unfathomable reasons a port of knowledge through which the judges and lawyers convicted and sent to death those who were accused. The awful girl was but of one mind. She wanted revenge and to be back to her â€Å"love†, John Proctor. Abigail tried and tried repeatedly to get her hands on John, she tried to get his wife hanged, and when she couldn’t have him she decided that no one else could. Abigail soon began to accuse John Proctor of the precise thing she was known for, witchcraft. Abigail had been in the woods when the young Mary Warren went mute from the shock of seeing Abigail drink chickens blood and curse Goody Proctor, all of these happenings had to do with Abigail Williams, and now she would have to suffer through her own crucible, to figure out how she was going to get out. And though Abigail did narrowly escap e the major shackles of her crimes, the guilt and foreboding of being a treacherous liar found her rumored to be a young prostitute in Boston. Forever to be alone and used. That was Abigail’s crucible and punishment for all the problems andShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Mills Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pages Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (Miller, 133) As The Crucible commences, Arthur Mills transports the reader to 17th century Salem, Massachusetts, to reenact the affliction of the Salem Witch Trials, ultimately leading to regret and fatality. Miller utilizes his troubled experience with McCarthyism to advance his writing of this controversial play. During 1692, Salem, Massachusetts, had beenRead MoreThe Crucible By William Miller1185 Words   |  5 PagesCrucible could be defined as a severe test, whereas in The Crucible, all of the townspeople were put to trial when it came to the assumption of witchcraft being used in Salem, Massachusetts. This play was based upon the events that were going on during that time period. During this time it was hard to actually trust so meone because they could possibly falsely accuse one for a crime they had nothing to do with. After reading this play, I was able to notice the symbolism that Miller used. One may beRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding776 Words   |  3 Pagesnegative feature throughout the novel, similar to the play The Crucible. William Golding uses Lord of the Flies as an allegory to present evil and sin through different symbols within the novel, with boys being trapped on an island. Arthur Miller presents evil and sin through a contextual, Puritan society within various characters. Even though both writers present these themes, Golding presents it in the lack of female presence and Miller presents it mainly from a female perspective. If one is to commitRead MoreThe Crucible Reflection Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pages Dorothy Nguyen Period 7 â€Å"The Crucible† â€Å"The Crucible† was a play, which demonstrated the order of human mentality when falling into fear. This comes from the extreme behavior found in response to the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials in this play have demonstrated the hidden desires or true thought coming from people. The limitations to prospective actions slowly become narrower as time progresses throughout the storyline and can relate to how the author was facing asRead MoreThe Theme Of Reputation In Arthur Millers The Crucible1059 Words   |  5 Pagesblown out, but it is the light which the world looks for to find its merit† (Lowell). The theme of reputation emerges over many events in The Crucible. It sustains many characters to misinterpret the true light in the world but reveal their anguish about how their loss of reputation will impact the effect in their lives. In the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, a little town in the late 17th century, a group of Puritan girls are accused of witchcraft, including their leader, Abigail Williams. OutRead MoreArthur Millers Good Night, And Good Luck1855 Words   |  8 Pagesfor evidence. Both Arthur Miller’s The Crucible and George Clooney’s Good Night, and Good Luck explore the theme of McCarthyism through numerous ways using conventions of their text types: respectively a play and a film. Each through characterisation and symbolism, as well as individually through the plays title and narrative style, and the films editing, camera techniques and sound track, the texts delve into the subject constructively through their own unique methods. Arthur Miller’s 1953 playRead MoreSignificance Of The Miller s The Crucible 2130 Words   |  9 PagesTo understand the importance of the meaning of Miller’s play The Crucible and the symbolism used within, it is crucial to comprehend not only the author’s background, but also his motivation for writing. The play is about a group of girls that become sick for no apparent reason. Rumors subsequently start and escalate that some individuals are consorting with the devil, consequently creating hysteria and fear in the town. The townsfolk turn on each other, blaming others as a way of exonerating themselvesRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 Pagesreally draw in the reader s attention. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sigmund Freud both share an amazing writing technique, they like to rely on dreams and their imagination to create their famous stories. Psychoanalysis is said to have several different meanings. For literary purposes the best definiti on as described by Robert Mollinger would be â€Å"a theory of the mind that can serve as an explanatory model for literature†. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sigmund Freud had the same style of writing, they enjoyed exploringRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay2387 Words   |  10 PagesIn the literary piece, â€Å"The Crucible†, we are able to analyze the play with multiple theories or lenses, The play, which was written in the 1956 by Arthur Miller, is a play full of lust, passion, and lies. It all started when a small village which was once all about religion and simplicity and became a one stop ride to hell and eternal hanging. Tituba, Abigail, and the others were originally caught dancing and evoking the devil himself by Reverend Parris. Hysteria was what Parris originally reported

Urbanisation Is Sea Free Essays

SE1101E Group Essay Rural-Urban migration, or â€Å"urbanization†, has led to a better life for a majority of Southeast Asians. To what extent is this true? Discuss your answer using examples from at least three different Southeast Asian societies to illustrate your points. ____ Introduction For the longest time, Singaporeans lived in a relative urban oasis – coined, praised and awarded as the ‘Garden City’. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanisation Is Sea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even so, in the last 2 years, Singaporeans have experienced the stress of continued urbanization, created primarily through migration. This stress has been manifested physically as inadequate infrastructure, socially as rising xenophobia and politically as rising discontentment, leading to the long-ruling People’s Action Party to face its worst electoral performance since independence in 1965. It is this backdrop that propelled our group to comparatively examine the urbanization experiences of three of Southeast Asia’s largest countries, and evaluate the outcomes. Firstly and most importantly, it is important to delineate the two key terms – â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization†. While â€Å"rural-urban migration† is a subset of â€Å"urbanization†, urbanization as a process is far more encompassing, as Terry McGee has noted to include the expansion and encroachment of urban regions into formerly rural areas through land-use conversion practices. For the scope of this essay, we will limit our arguments to the process of â€Å"rural-urban migration†. The process of migration is simply defined by Zelinsky as â€Å"a permanent or semipermanent change of residence†. Petersen offers a sociological perspective, defining migration as â€Å"a spatial transfer from one social unit or neighbourhood to another†. Extending these, rural-urban migration can be broadly defined as the movement of people from rural home locations to urban locations, which results in socio-economic impacts for â€Å"both the origin and destination societies†. This includes circulatory migration, where rural migrants return to their home location after a period in the urban location, and permanent relocation from the rural location to the urban location. Further to this, to achieve a manageable scope of discussion, we have elected to focus on (domestic) rural-urban migration, where the rural and urban locations are located within the same country, as opposed to the processes of transnational (and regional) rural-urban migration. In this essay, we will argue that while the process of rural-urban migration has created a better life for some, it has not necessarily created a better life for the majority of Southeast Asians especially when evaluated on a holistic level. Specifically, we will use the case studies of Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines to support our argument. These three countries were selected as their combined populations of over 400 million, consist a majority 65 per cent of Southeast Asia’s 620 million people, in addition to their relative comparative congruence within the extremely diverse Southeast Asian region. Secondly, this essay strives not to be an ideological critique of the processes of â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization† but rather, serve as a comparative exposition on the impacts of rural-urban migration in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines and provide an objective evaluation of whether this process has created a â€Å"better life† for the â€Å"majority of Southeast Asians†. Aptly congruent, Tjitoherijanto and Hasmi describe urbanization as an expression of â€Å"people’s desire for a better life† and â€Å"must be recognized as a natural modern process by which humans attempt to improve their welfare†. The central themes of what is â€Å"a better life†, has rural-urban migration created it and for whom, form the framework of our discussion. Case Study: The Philippines In our first case study, we analyze the Philippines. The state of urbanization in the Philippines is comparatively the most advanced of the three case studies, with 33 highly urbanized cities and 4 surpassing the 1 illion-population mark. While the 2010 census depicts the state of urbanization in the Philippines, it does not describe the flow of domestic rural-urban migration. From 1970 to 1990, the percentage of the Philippine population identified as â€Å"urban† surged from 36% to 52%, which further increased to 59% by 2000. Not all of this growth can be attributed to rural-urban migration. In fact, 47. 2% is actually due to reclassification of formerly rural areas as urban and natural urbanite population growth. While explicit data is sparse, Hugo provides a basis to assume that the remaining and majority 52% of this urban growth, is likely due to rural-urban migration. In tandem with rising urbanization, cursory economic indicators also rose. GDP increased from USD 6. 6 billion in 1960 to USD 199. 5 billion by 2010. Even with considerable population growth, GDP per capita also grew during the same period, from USD 692 to USD 1,383. Nakanishi forwards that the rural sector conditions in the Philippines, where peasants do not own their land, are â€Å"insupportable† and conditions in the city, though not the best, are an improvement. Knight and Song, who compute the Philippine’s urban-to-rural income ratio to be 2. 26, give further credence to the possibility, that perhaps, rural-urban migration might create a better economical life for rural migrants, and for all Filipinos too. These quantitative indicators are, however, quickly problematized as overly simplistic. To begin, consider the Gini coefficient, which measures the inequality of income distribution. For the Philippines, this stood at 0. 46 in 2010; the income share held by the top 10% was 36% while the income share held by the bottom 10% was only 2%. This significantly unequal distribution of income evidences that the benefits associated with economic growth has not reached and has not benefitted a vast majority of Filipinos. Also, counterintuitively, higher income levels in urban areas do not actually lead to economic improvement on all accounts, as the Harris-Todaro model establishes. Simply put, the wage differential between the urban and rural areas (2. 26 in the case of the Philippines) compels rural populations to igrate to urban areas despite urban unemployment which further, and continually, increases unemployment, as long as urban wage levels continue to exceed that of rural areas. This thesis holds true in the Philippines context, where even as unemployment rates rose from 5% in 1980 to 11% by 2000, rural-urban migration continued to rise. This self-perpetuating cycle is particularly significant as it confirms that rural-urban migration, far from leading to a better life, actually results in the opposite. Rising unemplo yment creates further problems. One is the creation of urban slums, where the poorest rural migrants generally live. In fact, from 2000 to 2006, urban slums grew at a rate of 3. 5%, faster than the urban population growth rate of 2. 3%. This evidences that rural-urban migration (which generates the majority of urban population growth) creates negative socioeconomic ripple effects, which compound with time, noting that rural-urban migration began in the 1960s in the Philippines. In Manila alone today, 35% of the 12 million population live in slums. Urban slums, which are â€Å"characterized by poor sanitation, overcrowded and crude habitation, inadequate water supply, hazardous location and insecurity of tenure†, have been recognized to lead to widespread environmental degradation. Most prominently, the lack of proper sanitation and sewerage services in slums contaminate citywide and nationwide water supplies, creating over 38 million cases of life-threatening diarrhea in the Philippines every year. This is despite the percentage of urban population with access to sanitation in the Philippines increasing from 69% in 1990 to 79% in 2010. This contradiction recalls Ulrich Beck’s pithy quote â€Å"smog is democratic†; that environmental impacts (linked to rural-urban migration and its ensuing employment) created by a small segment of the population can degrade the quality of life for a significant majority, in a ripple-like effect. However, ripple effects can work both ways, and in a positive sense too. One common example is that of the increased literacy rate as a result of rural-urban migration. From 1980 to 2000, the literacy rate increased from 84% to 93%. The literature is clear; generally speaking, a higher literacy ate and education level are two of the most significant positive externalities of rural-urban migration. The causation link between rural-urban migration and literacy is primarily due to the higher accessibility of schools in urban regions, which allow rural migrants in urban centers to more readily access schooling. This causation is however, problematic in the Philippines, where there is no wide disparity in literacy rates between rural and urban areas that would support such a causation thesis. The primary school net attendance rate in rural areas was only marginally lower at 86%, compared to 89% in urban areas. Some theorists have hypothesized that a strong historical cultural emphasis on education in the Philippines is one reason for this comparative equality in literacy rates in both urban and rural areas. Regardless, the lack of causation between rural-urban migration and literacy rates in the Philippines, further evidences that rural-urban migration, has not led to a â€Å"better life† for a significant majority of Filipinos. The discussion thus far surfaces a most important facet of the discussion – that of policy responses to rural-urban migration. It is apparent that the impacts created by the process of rural-urban migration might not be as deterministic as Harris and Todaro implied (their simplifying assumptions have been widely critiqued). It is crucial to note that the impact of the rural-urban migration process, whether positive or negative, is molded through the lens of government policy responses. In the case of the Phillipines, the indicator of increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, was contradicted by a highly unequal distribution of income and rising unemployment. Policy intervention is thus required to equalize this. Also, the formations of slums are not a direct result of rural-urban migration but due to inept city planning and a lack of sufficient public housing, again demonstrating the collision between policy and process as fundamental to our discussion on the impacts of rural-urban migration. In sum, one last indicator, mentioned in passing at the beginning of this case study, of increased life expectancy, exemplifies one of the themes stated at the outset – what constitutes a better life? Does increased life expectancy constitute a â€Å"better life†, or just a longer one? Based on the evidence presented, we are inclined to think it is the latter. While Philippines represent a country in a highly urbanized state, Thailand represents one on the other spectrum. As such, our next case study will examine the rural-urban migration pattern in Thailand. When we analyze the rural-urban migration of Thailand, we can roughly translate it to the rural-urban migration to Bangkok. This is due to Bangkok’s dominance and influence in the country’s political and economical landscape. The size distribution of cities in a country roughly abides to the â€Å"rank-size rule†: The second largest city is half the size of the first largest city and the third largest city is half the size of the second. In Thailand’s case however, the second largest city is a mere 6% the size of Bangkok. As such, it is not an overstatement to describe Thailand as a one-city state. Thus in this case study, we will examine the urban landscape with reference to Bangkok as a comparison. Thailand’s urbanization rate is at a low 38% , significantly lower than their peers such as Indonesia (53%) and Malaysia (71%) (percentage not accurate as of 2012. Need comparison and citation). This figure has stalled since 2007, only changing by 0. 8% between 2002 and 2009. This is because Bangkok has stopped growing. In fact, it has shrank by 1% between 2007 and 2009. As of late, Thailand’s urbanization trends began shifting away from Bangkok to the peripheral provinces such as Songkhla; Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani. As such, while the top 10 cities in the vicinity of Bangkok grew collectively by 17%, a 1% decrease in Bangkok has dropped that urbanization growth to a mere 0. 8%. These reflect how this single city is able to impact the country’s economy. As such we shall analyze the impact of urbanization by using Bangkok as our case study. The growth of Bangkok brings about social and economical progress, with economical taking priority. National income statistics from the NESDB have shown that though contributing a mere 15. 8 per cent of total population in 1988, Bangkok and its vicinity generated more than 50 per cent of the gross domestic product. Socially, the Bangkok and its neighboring region has enjoyed better health care (2. 12 hospital beds per residents, compared with 0. 38 per 1,000 residents in Sri Saket, the poorest province of Thailand. and higher access to water (About 12 percent compared with 1. 2 percent in North, 1. 4 percent in the South, and 0. 9 percent in the North-east. ) While the figures reflect an improvement in the quality of life, this may not translate into an improvement for the people. There exist an overlying assumption that there would be a trickle down effect to benefit the less well off. Dr. Puey, a famous Thai economist observed otherwise. Thailand’s pursuit of economic growth has widened the rich-poor disparity where urbanized regions in Thailand have experienced economic benefits at the expense of villages. Furthermore, it is alleged that there has been a social tension within the rural community between the few who have benefitted and the majority who have not. Critics of these distributions of wealth have blamed the monopoly of capitalism from emerging corporations in finance and banking centered in Bangkok. On October 14, 1973, a student led uprising threw the exploitation of rural villagers in the spot light, highlighting the dissent over the rich-poor divide. Furthermore, Thailand has traded a social benefit for a social problem. As Bangkok swelled as the only go-to urban destination in the 1970s, Bangkok’s infrastructure failed to expand at the same pace as its growing population. Overpopulation and congestion were frequent social issues that the government had to address. The high influx also led to pollution, and by consequence, disease. As such, it may be argued that while the urban population enjoyed better health care services, there was also a higher propensity to get sick due to more frequent interactions and mass pollutions. As such, while the face value of urbanization reveals measurable benefits, the real value actually shows a decrease. This aforementioned issue indicates a situation where rural-urban migration works too well. Bangkok grew haphazardly without an official city plan until 1992, a growth necessitated by Economic interest. Accompanied by poor city planning is its poor infrastructure of roads, leading to massive traffic jams. BBC has ranked Bangkok as having one of the top ten worst traffic jams in the world. For residents in this urban landscape, such issues have become so commonplace that they have come to accept these problems as part of their everyday lives. The process of rural-urban migration, at least until 2007, has played the role of an instigator that negatively impacted the lives of those living in the urban landscape. Hence, rural-urban migration has its pros and cons. However, while it is important to weigh the different opportunities offered due to rural urban migration, we should also consider how these citizens perceive these opportunities offered and whether they consider themselves better off. Here lies the paradox. Both rural and urban parties perceive themselves as beneficiaries to the rural urban migration. A collection of data from six rural villages in the Nong Muun Than and Phon Muang communes revealed that villagers overwhelmingly felt that they had came up on top compared to their urban counterparts. Villages were perceived to be better in terms of standard of living, the friendliness, the working conditions and the environment to raise children although they conceded that urban areas posed a better environment to specialize. On the contrary, urban areas felt that they benefitted from better facilities, higher pay and wider job opportunities. As such, while visible problems exist in both rural and urban states, they remain predominantly contented. This approach, however, comes with its own associated problems. It fails to recognize social identity which compels participants to be more biased towards their own home society, and it also assumes all Thais are well-informed of the opportunities and problems offered in both societies. For example, villagers in a rural area may be contented with life, but they may still be unable to comprehend the benefits urban areas provide. Their contentment hence lies in their simplicity of thought rather than the effect of rural-urban migration. As such, we turn our attention to more obvious indicators while still taking account, albeit more cautiously, people’s perception of such benefits. Recognizing the growing rural-urban divide, the 9th developmental plan of Thailand explicitly tackles such rural-urban linkages in the country. Longitudinal studies on migration patterns conducted by the Nang Rong Project and Kanchanburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) were used to evaluate emerging problems faced by Thailand. It concluded that economical pull factors were the main cause of migration towards urban areas, although their search for financial stability came with a string attached. According to the DFG Bangkok Migrant Survey, (2010), 67 percent of migrants reported an improvement in living conditions since leaving rural areas while 60 percent of migrants reported stable income. However, 70 percent of migrants do not possess a written work contract and 80 percent of respondents have no insurance at all. Most of these migrants consist of family members forced to find work in urban areas due to rural poverty and hence migration was influenced not out of choice but rather that of necessity. As such, although they travel to urban regions in search of better prospects, their nature of travel is necessitated for survival and their trip comes with little or no social safety net. Another issue they face is not simply acquiring employment, but rather quality employment. 70 percent of migrants earn less than 300 bahts (or $8) a day. While these still represents an increase in pay as compared to their rural counterparts, they also face a higher cost of living in an urban environment and therefor tend to spend more. Hence, most migrants aimed for quality employment, but only a mere 2 percent earn around 2. 3% fall in this category. To summarize, economical growth only represents the net value earned ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Terry Mc Gee – The Spatiality of Urbanization, The Policy Challenges of Mega-Urban and Desakota Regions of Southeast Asia- Published by Penerbit Lestari, Univeriti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 2009. 2 ]. The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition Author(s): Wilbur Zelinsky Reviewed work(s): Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr. , 1971), pp. 219-249 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/213996 [ 3 ]. Migration and s plit households: a comparison of sole, couple, and family migrants in Beijing, China C Cindy Fan, Mingjie Sun, Environment and Planning A 2011, volume 43, pages 2164 ^ 2185 [ 4 ]. William Petersen: A General Typology of Migration, Amer. Sociol. Rev. , Vol. 23, 1958, pp. 246-266. [ 5 ]. Devasahayam makes a compelling study of these processes hrough the lens of remittances. Making Remittances Work in Southeast Asia By Theresa W. Devasahayam in http://www. iseas. edu. sg/documents/publication/ISEAS%20Perspective_09nov12. pdf [ 6 ]. https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/wfbExt/region_eas. html [ 8 ]. http://www. census. gov. ph/content/2010-census-population-and-housing-reveals-philippine-population-9234-million [ 9 ]. Flieger, W. 1995. The Philippine population: 1980-90. Paper prepared for Conference on Population, Development and Environment, Program on Population, East- West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. [ 10 ]. http://www. nscb. gov. ph/pressreleases/2004/30Jan04_urban. asp [ 11 ]. The Book [ 12 ]. Hugo, G. (1999), Demographic Perspectives on Urban Development in Asia at the Turn of the Century, in: Brotchie, J. , Newton, P. , Hall, P. and Dickey, J. (eds. ), East West Perspective on 21st Century Urban Development, Alder- shot, UK: Ashgate. [ 13 ]. World Bank Statistics [ 14 ]. Nakanishi (1996), Comparative Study of Informal Labour Markets in the Urbanisation Process: The Philippines and Thailand, The Developing Economies, 34(4): 470-96. [ 15 ]. Knight, J. and Song, L. 2002, 2nd ed. ), The Rural-Urban Divide – Eco- nomic Disparities and Interactions in China, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [ 16 ]. World Bank [ 17 ]. World Bank [ 18 ]. Source Needed [ 19 ]. http://www. irinnews. org/Report/89348/PHILIPPINES-Slum-populations-brace-for-storm-season [ 20 ]. according to Marife M. Ballesteros. [ 21 ]. World Bank [ 22 ]. http://www. epdc. org/sites/default/files/documents/P hilippines_coreusaid. pdf [ 23 ]. SCB Insight 2010, Looking beyond Bangkok: The urban consumer and urbanization in thailand) by SBS Economic intelligence sector [ 24 ]. ttp://urbantimes. co/2012/08/the-outcomes-of-rapid-urbanization-in-thailand/ [ 25 ]. SCB Insight 2010, Looking beyond Bangkok: The urban consumer and urbanization in thailand) by SBS Economic intelligence sector [ 26 ]. http://www. scb. co. th/eic/doc/en/insight/SCB%20Insight%20Dec%202010%20Eng. pdf [ 27 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 28 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 29 ]. Economic Development and rural-urban Disparities in Thailand by Prasert Yamklinfung*, Southeast Asian Studies vol 25, no. , page 342 [ 30 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 31 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/magazine-19716687 [ 32 ]. Rural – Urban mobility in Thailand: A decision-making approach by Theodore D. Fuller, Paul Lightf oot and Peerasit Kamnuansilpa [ 33 ]. Rural – Urban mobility in Thailand: A decision-making approach by Theodore D. Fuller, Paul Lightfoot and Peerasit Kamnuansilpa [ 34 ]. http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/48316/1/4_amare. pdf (page 7) [ 35 ]. http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/48316/1/4_amare. pdf (Page 17) How to cite Urbanisation Is Sea, Papers

Grades Viewing System free essay sample

Introduction Over the years as technology keeps improving, more and more people are using it in their lives. It has become a significant matter in all our lives. Though some are addicted to it, others only using it once in a while, but still we all have used it at least once. Thankfully we have technology which makes our lives easier. But is this really a change for the better. Technology experience links with being computer literate, computers are invented to give high-speed answer to a very wide and complex problems that will took man-years to do it. This research study and proposed system is manual login for individual college student of Cainta Catholic College it will help to improve and develop the grading viewing of a student to avoid having too much time and process for claiming grades. This will be favourable for the college student. The Nature of the business The nature of business of registrar office are Requesting for the document, Birth Certificate, Form 137/138 and other requirements for enrolment for the new student , collecting and recording all grades personal Information and Evaluating grades. Summary of the purpose and function of the present system being investigated The registrar provides class card for every student who enrolled then the student will passed the class card to their professor. After a whole semester the professor passed the class card to the registrar office to evaluating and recording of all grades. It will bring to the college office (Deans Office) for releasing of grades to all college students to claim their class card. But it depends if the student are fully paid for the previous semester. The findings or problems encountered in the present system Late submission of the grades by the professor. Incomplete requirements of the student. Unpaid tuition or other payments if any. Not yet complied for the deadline and submission of clearance Chapter II Summary of findings Flow chart of the present system TEACHER Detailed description The registrar office will count the number of subject of the student and then they will give a class card for every college student. Afterwards, the said office will claim the grades form from the professor to know the status of the students for the previous semester if they were failed or passed. The registrar’s office will record and evaluates the Grades of the students and also they will give request form for the fulfilment of the requirements of the student. Objective of the Presents system The Registrar’s Office aims to render a qualitative management and quantitative output. Its goal is to draw a clear line of systematic functions giving emphasis to matters concerning enrolment registration, processing and issuances of academic records, verification, scheduling, archiving and other related functions that are of relevance. It mainly focuses in providing meaningful and accurate information when and where it is needed and must necessarily ensure the integrity of curricular records. Significance of the study: The Student Information Viewing And Encoding system is to help to lessen the work of the personnel in Registrar Office. Student – to provide this proposed system entitled â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† that will give more inconvenient for quick viewing of their information and grades. Registrar – Can ease the work of the staffs. Easy and quickly viewing, editing and updating the information and grades of the student. Can Add new student and delete existing student. Objective of the study We proposed a system, which is called â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† to help the school provide a viewing of college student information. It will help the students to quickly view their grades by manual login to view their grades if past or failed. This will ease in accessing the records needed for there will be an option for searching with the used password (admin) or with the used of smartcard (student) issued by the school. The viewing functions of a Student Information Viewing and Encoding System are to support the personal and study info relating to: Handling records of grades from 3rd year BSCS Section-A Handling personnel information such as student name, place of birth, birthday, religion, email address, contact number, home address, father’s name and occupation, mother’s name and occupation, elementary school graduated, high school graduated and in case of emergency informations. fully implemented program that will help to ease and view of the grades of the college III-BSCS-A It can rely on having an accurate grade. Capabilities of the present system The capabilities of the present system are as follows: Verification of enrolees Integrity of the student data of student Implementation of academic policies with regard to program and degree requirements Certification that candidates for graduation have met the academic requirements of the university Certification of eligibility of student athletes to participate Production of the undergraduate bulletin annually Production of the semester schedule of classes each semester Production of official transcripts upon student request Coordination of academic advising for undergraduate students Coordination of enrolment for undergraduate students Coordination of commencement exercises and honors convocations Evaluation of transfer credit Scope and limitations: In the study of this propose system several factors have been considered. More particularly, the scope of the study, which is an important factor, has been laid down as follows: The scope of the proposed system: Student Information Viewing and Encoding System is only allow for viewing personal information and grades for 3rd BSCS Section-A. It can be access by manual login to connect to the system. The administrator can Add new student, Edit student information and grades, delete student and grades and can search a student that you want to access. The limitation of the proposed system Student Information Viewing and Encoding System is for 3rd year BSCS Section-A only for now. The proposed system is not an internet base and networked. The enrolment system and payment system is not included in the system. Online request is not accessible. The Grades is not printable as of now. the manual hand writing records is not include in this system Only grades and information can view in the system. Chapter III Details of findings Cost analysis of the present system Office Supplies item Estimated Price Unit Price/Month Expense for year 5 Pencils 7. 00 each 35. 00 420. 00 1 rim letter size bond papers 168. 00 168. 00 2,016. 00 5 Ball pens 7. 00 each 35. 00 420. 00 10 Folders 6. 00 each 60,00 720. 00 1 Printer 4,895. 00 each 4,895. 00 4,895. 00 1 Set of Computer 12,000. 00 each 12,000. 00 12,000. 00 1 Inks 78. 00 each 78. 00 78. 00 4 Marker 20 each 80. 00 960. 00 3 Stapler 53. 50 each 160. 00 1920. 00 3 Scissors 15. 00 each 45. 00 540. 00 40 pcs. Letter envelop 2. 75. 00 110. 00 1,320. 00 3 boxes of staples wire 50. 00 each 150. 00 1,800. 00 1 Correction fluid 25. 00 each 25. 00 300. 00 TOTAL ANNUAL OFFICE SUPPLIESPhp 27,389. 00 THEORICAL FRAMEWORK Proposed System INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT CONTEXT DIAGRAM Input ID number as password ENCODE GRADES login Input password Data Flow Diagram Logindisplay grades login process login Student Admin Detailed description of the problem identified As the researchers conducted an interview with the Head of the Registrar Mrs. Cecile Cerezo, the different problems align which the registrars have come up with and for how many years their transaction process for releasing of grades become consistent and stable. The present system of the Registrar Office when it comes to grading distribution has a too long process before the student finally claim their grades and it becomes one of the main problems between the professors and the said office because of the hectic procedures in encoding the grades of the student until the announcement for releasing of student grades obtain. Chapter IV Economic Justification Cost analysis of the proposed system Item Price Estimated Total Cost Computer Server 7,000 22,000 Computer Hardware 10,000 Printer 5,000 Advantage of the present system A manual filing system cannot be destroyed by an accidental power loss. Also, hackers cannot access a manual filing system from another computer. This helps security issues. Depending on the setup, it could be an easier, more personal way to keep files and records in order. Filing cabinets can be locked with a key. Disadvantage of the present system More space is required to store the paperwork involved. The major disadvantage is that manual systems require more work and tasks that take more time to complete. Another disadvantage is the cost to maintain manual systems. It is considerably higher due to the amount of manpower needed. The Proposed System Our proposed system with regards to the claiming of grades, the registrar will no longer give class card in every student. The professor will get the name of the student for recording and collecting the grades, after this the professor will pass all the grades to the registrar which will be encoded to the system program known as Student Information Viewing and Encoding System when this process is already done the grades of the student are now ready to view by manual login by using their ID number as the password. Advantage of the proposed system Easy and quickly viewing of the grades. It will be benefits for the registrar(Administrator) and college student and it is a friendly user.. Information cannot be erased or removed accidentally by any magnetic or electrical means. The expenses for producing class card may decrease. Disadvantage of the proposed system Using a computerized system comes with its own set of problems, such as the need to protect against data loss through power failure or viruses. If the data has been incorrectly entered into the system, a mistake in data entry can throw off a whole set of data. No transaction if no electric generator. Forgot ID number for password. Chapter V Recommendations Proposed user of the system Input your ID number as your password in manual login. Wait for accessing of the program for your grade result. You can now view your grades and your personal information. The progress for the grading process is one of the reasons of the researchers for the proposal regarding about their system it will be useful and accessible for the student and it is a technology based and program friendly. Proposed hardware to be used: Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, system unit Proposed Computer Language to be used After using several techniques of investigation, the recommended system is now ready to be built. In attempt to construct a user friendly interface for the users, a preferred programming language called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010, which is a general proposed object oriented programming language for front-end the proponent have design the system flowchart that would be helpful in the system design. The database structure has been constructed and SQL Server 2008 R2 shall be used as the back end. Tables are organized, primary keys have been set and normalization has been achieved. User desired output is the goal in designing the system. In order to protect the system for unauthorized use, a system user identification number is required for restriction. For the system and database security, the management will handle the data back-up. Proposed location of the computer The proposed system of the researchers would be place in the College building at the front of Deans Office because there is a facility adequate for the said system and it can easily be found by the users. Proposed Time frame for the completion of the proposed system (GANTT CHART) Months Preparations June July August September October 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Planning Analyzing Interview Documentation Detail Designing Development Testing Revising Final Start End Proposed professional fee for the development of the system Professional and item needs Estimated Price Total Price 2 Programmers 25,000. 000 50,000. 00 1 maintenance 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Hardware Hard Disk 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 Computer 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Printer 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Software Visual Basic 2010 SQL DataBase Windows exp/vista/7/8 TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST85,000. 00 Chapter VI Conclusion The study about the grading viewing with regards to the proposed system of the researchers which is â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† will improve the capabilities of the school when it comes with the computer and technology base system. As the study pertain on a long process of claiming grades of the college student and by the help of the said system the process must be highly accessible and capable with computer program which the researchers desiring to imply. The proposed system must be approved because it will help the school to lessen the process in terms of grading viewing and information, most especially for the college student which will benefit the said system. And if ever when it was approved the registrar will no longer use too much paper supplies for printing the individual evaluation of grades for every professor of every college student also known as class card, instead of that only one paper slip will be needed and it is favourable because the school will save money, aside from that it doesn’t need too much task compared to the present system and it never demand more procedure for it was made easy and quickly process thoroughly. The system transaction no need internet connection and the function of the program rely on what have installed in the computer and it can be manipulated by the authorized and designated personnel for managing the system and secured by the school regulation. Chapter VII