Meaning and Symbolism in the Crucible by Arthur Miller

Crucible Meaning Essay Crucible, a noun defined as; a container of metal or refractory material employed for heating substances to high temperatures, in the traditional sense but, it also means a severe, searching test or trial. The latter of the two definitions is exactly what Arthur Miller had in mind when he wrote the play, The Crucible. The play set in Salem Massachusetts during the start of the infamous Salem Witch Trials, is about the struggle to discover truth within the twisted and brutal lies flying about the little town, started mainly by a young girl by the name of Abigail Williams. Abigail Williams, as we quickly come to know, is the past mistress of the prominent Mr. John Proctor, a local farmer. As the tension rises in the†¦show more content†¦Abigail was being accused repeatedly of lying and making up all of the accusations which were of false nature. The many people who were hung because of her testimony was what would now hang over her head. When she was brought before Mary Warr en her false tears and outcries of pain were all an act, but in her mind she was the only one who was correct in her dealings. Abigail was for unfathomable reasons a port of knowledge through which the judges and lawyers convicted and sent to death those who were accused. The awful girl was but of one mind. She wanted revenge and to be back to her â€Å"love†, John Proctor. Abigail tried and tried repeatedly to get her hands on John, she tried to get his wife hanged, and when she couldn’t have him she decided that no one else could. Abigail soon began to accuse John Proctor of the precise thing she was known for, witchcraft. Abigail had been in the woods when the young Mary Warren went mute from the shock of seeing Abigail drink chickens blood and curse Goody Proctor, all of these happenings had to do with Abigail Williams, and now she would have to suffer through her own crucible, to figure out how she was going to get out. And though Abigail did narrowly escap e the major shackles of her crimes, the guilt and foreboding of being a treacherous liar found her rumored to be a young prostitute in Boston. Forever to be alone and used. That was Abigail’s crucible and punishment for all the problems andShow MoreRelatedThe Crucible By Arthur Miller998 Words   |  4 Pagesmotivated by jealousy and spite. The Crucible is a four-act dramatic play production that was first performed on January 22, 1953. Arthur Miller used dialogue within the characters to cover the multiple themes; conflicts and resolutions, plus the few directions for the different actions of the play. The Salem Witch Trials were intended to be performed as the play however, when read, it can be more carefully examined and broken down to analyze the techniques. Miller, the playwright, uses literaryRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Mills Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pages Because I am not worth the dust on the feet of them that hang! How may I live without my name? I have given you my soul; leave me my name! (Miller, 133) As The Crucible commences, Arthur Mills transports the reader to 17th century Salem, Massachusetts, to reenact the affliction of the Salem Witch Trials, ultimately leading to regret and fatality. Miller utilizes his troubled experience with McCarthyism to advance his writing of this controversial play. During 1692, Salem, Massachusetts, had beenRead MoreThe Crucible By William Miller1185 Words   |  5 PagesCrucible could be defined as a severe test, whereas in The Crucible, all of the townspeople were put to trial when it came to the assumption of witchcraft being used in Salem, Massachusetts. This play was based upon the events that were going on during that time period. During this time it was hard to actually trust so meone because they could possibly falsely accuse one for a crime they had nothing to do with. After reading this play, I was able to notice the symbolism that Miller used. One may beRead MoreThe Lord of the Flies by William Golding776 Words   |  3 Pagesnegative feature throughout the novel, similar to the play The Crucible. William Golding uses Lord of the Flies as an allegory to present evil and sin through different symbols within the novel, with boys being trapped on an island. Arthur Miller presents evil and sin through a contextual, Puritan society within various characters. Even though both writers present these themes, Golding presents it in the lack of female presence and Miller presents it mainly from a female perspective. If one is to commitRead MoreThe Crucible Reflection Essay1333 Words   |  6 Pages Dorothy Nguyen Period 7 â€Å"The Crucible† â€Å"The Crucible† was a play, which demonstrated the order of human mentality when falling into fear. This comes from the extreme behavior found in response to the Salem witch trials. The Salem witch trials in this play have demonstrated the hidden desires or true thought coming from people. The limitations to prospective actions slowly become narrower as time progresses throughout the storyline and can relate to how the author was facing asRead MoreThe Theme Of Reputation In Arthur Millers The Crucible1059 Words   |  5 Pagesblown out, but it is the light which the world looks for to find its merit† (Lowell). The theme of reputation emerges over many events in The Crucible. It sustains many characters to misinterpret the true light in the world but reveal their anguish about how their loss of reputation will impact the effect in their lives. In the play, The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, a little town in the late 17th century, a group of Puritan girls are accused of witchcraft, including their leader, Abigail Williams. OutRead MoreArthur Millers Good Night, And Good Luck1855 Words   |  8 Pagesfor evidence. Both Arthur Miller’s The Crucible and George Clooney’s Good Night, and Good Luck explore the theme of McCarthyism through numerous ways using conventions of their text types: respectively a play and a film. Each through characterisation and symbolism, as well as individually through the plays title and narrative style, and the films editing, camera techniques and sound track, the texts delve into the subject constructively through their own unique methods. Arthur Miller’s 1953 playRead MoreSignificance Of The Miller s The Crucible 2130 Words   |  9 PagesTo understand the importance of the meaning of Miller’s play The Crucible and the symbolism used within, it is crucial to comprehend not only the author’s background, but also his motivation for writing. The play is about a group of girls that become sick for no apparent reason. Rumors subsequently start and escalate that some individuals are consorting with the devil, consequently creating hysteria and fear in the town. The townsfolk turn on each other, blaming others as a way of exonerating themselvesRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Mind1900 Words   |  8 Pagesreally draw in the reader s attention. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sigmund Freud both share an amazing writing technique, they like to rely on dreams and their imagination to create their famous stories. Psychoanalysis is said to have several different meanings. For literary purposes the best definiti on as described by Robert Mollinger would be â€Å"a theory of the mind that can serve as an explanatory model for literature†. Nathaniel Hawthorne and Sigmund Freud had the same style of writing, they enjoyed exploringRead MoreThe Crucible By Arthur Miller Essay2387 Words   |  10 PagesIn the literary piece, â€Å"The Crucible†, we are able to analyze the play with multiple theories or lenses, The play, which was written in the 1956 by Arthur Miller, is a play full of lust, passion, and lies. It all started when a small village which was once all about religion and simplicity and became a one stop ride to hell and eternal hanging. Tituba, Abigail, and the others were originally caught dancing and evoking the devil himself by Reverend Parris. Hysteria was what Parris originally reported

Urbanisation Is Sea Free Essays

SE1101E Group Essay Rural-Urban migration, or â€Å"urbanization†, has led to a better life for a majority of Southeast Asians. To what extent is this true? Discuss your answer using examples from at least three different Southeast Asian societies to illustrate your points. ____ Introduction For the longest time, Singaporeans lived in a relative urban oasis – coined, praised and awarded as the ‘Garden City’. We will write a custom essay sample on Urbanisation Is Sea or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even so, in the last 2 years, Singaporeans have experienced the stress of continued urbanization, created primarily through migration. This stress has been manifested physically as inadequate infrastructure, socially as rising xenophobia and politically as rising discontentment, leading to the long-ruling People’s Action Party to face its worst electoral performance since independence in 1965. It is this backdrop that propelled our group to comparatively examine the urbanization experiences of three of Southeast Asia’s largest countries, and evaluate the outcomes. Firstly and most importantly, it is important to delineate the two key terms – â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization†. While â€Å"rural-urban migration† is a subset of â€Å"urbanization†, urbanization as a process is far more encompassing, as Terry McGee has noted to include the expansion and encroachment of urban regions into formerly rural areas through land-use conversion practices. For the scope of this essay, we will limit our arguments to the process of â€Å"rural-urban migration†. The process of migration is simply defined by Zelinsky as â€Å"a permanent or semipermanent change of residence†. Petersen offers a sociological perspective, defining migration as â€Å"a spatial transfer from one social unit or neighbourhood to another†. Extending these, rural-urban migration can be broadly defined as the movement of people from rural home locations to urban locations, which results in socio-economic impacts for â€Å"both the origin and destination societies†. This includes circulatory migration, where rural migrants return to their home location after a period in the urban location, and permanent relocation from the rural location to the urban location. Further to this, to achieve a manageable scope of discussion, we have elected to focus on (domestic) rural-urban migration, where the rural and urban locations are located within the same country, as opposed to the processes of transnational (and regional) rural-urban migration. In this essay, we will argue that while the process of rural-urban migration has created a better life for some, it has not necessarily created a better life for the majority of Southeast Asians especially when evaluated on a holistic level. Specifically, we will use the case studies of Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines to support our argument. These three countries were selected as their combined populations of over 400 million, consist a majority 65 per cent of Southeast Asia’s 620 million people, in addition to their relative comparative congruence within the extremely diverse Southeast Asian region. Secondly, this essay strives not to be an ideological critique of the processes of â€Å"rural-urban migration† and â€Å"urbanization† but rather, serve as a comparative exposition on the impacts of rural-urban migration in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines and provide an objective evaluation of whether this process has created a â€Å"better life† for the â€Å"majority of Southeast Asians†. Aptly congruent, Tjitoherijanto and Hasmi describe urbanization as an expression of â€Å"people’s desire for a better life† and â€Å"must be recognized as a natural modern process by which humans attempt to improve their welfare†. The central themes of what is â€Å"a better life†, has rural-urban migration created it and for whom, form the framework of our discussion. Case Study: The Philippines In our first case study, we analyze the Philippines. The state of urbanization in the Philippines is comparatively the most advanced of the three case studies, with 33 highly urbanized cities and 4 surpassing the 1 illion-population mark. While the 2010 census depicts the state of urbanization in the Philippines, it does not describe the flow of domestic rural-urban migration. From 1970 to 1990, the percentage of the Philippine population identified as â€Å"urban† surged from 36% to 52%, which further increased to 59% by 2000. Not all of this growth can be attributed to rural-urban migration. In fact, 47. 2% is actually due to reclassification of formerly rural areas as urban and natural urbanite population growth. While explicit data is sparse, Hugo provides a basis to assume that the remaining and majority 52% of this urban growth, is likely due to rural-urban migration. In tandem with rising urbanization, cursory economic indicators also rose. GDP increased from USD 6. 6 billion in 1960 to USD 199. 5 billion by 2010. Even with considerable population growth, GDP per capita also grew during the same period, from USD 692 to USD 1,383. Nakanishi forwards that the rural sector conditions in the Philippines, where peasants do not own their land, are â€Å"insupportable† and conditions in the city, though not the best, are an improvement. Knight and Song, who compute the Philippine’s urban-to-rural income ratio to be 2. 26, give further credence to the possibility, that perhaps, rural-urban migration might create a better economical life for rural migrants, and for all Filipinos too. These quantitative indicators are, however, quickly problematized as overly simplistic. To begin, consider the Gini coefficient, which measures the inequality of income distribution. For the Philippines, this stood at 0. 46 in 2010; the income share held by the top 10% was 36% while the income share held by the bottom 10% was only 2%. This significantly unequal distribution of income evidences that the benefits associated with economic growth has not reached and has not benefitted a vast majority of Filipinos. Also, counterintuitively, higher income levels in urban areas do not actually lead to economic improvement on all accounts, as the Harris-Todaro model establishes. Simply put, the wage differential between the urban and rural areas (2. 26 in the case of the Philippines) compels rural populations to igrate to urban areas despite urban unemployment which further, and continually, increases unemployment, as long as urban wage levels continue to exceed that of rural areas. This thesis holds true in the Philippines context, where even as unemployment rates rose from 5% in 1980 to 11% by 2000, rural-urban migration continued to rise. This self-perpetuating cycle is particularly significant as it confirms that rural-urban migration, far from leading to a better life, actually results in the opposite. Rising unemplo yment creates further problems. One is the creation of urban slums, where the poorest rural migrants generally live. In fact, from 2000 to 2006, urban slums grew at a rate of 3. 5%, faster than the urban population growth rate of 2. 3%. This evidences that rural-urban migration (which generates the majority of urban population growth) creates negative socioeconomic ripple effects, which compound with time, noting that rural-urban migration began in the 1960s in the Philippines. In Manila alone today, 35% of the 12 million population live in slums. Urban slums, which are â€Å"characterized by poor sanitation, overcrowded and crude habitation, inadequate water supply, hazardous location and insecurity of tenure†, have been recognized to lead to widespread environmental degradation. Most prominently, the lack of proper sanitation and sewerage services in slums contaminate citywide and nationwide water supplies, creating over 38 million cases of life-threatening diarrhea in the Philippines every year. This is despite the percentage of urban population with access to sanitation in the Philippines increasing from 69% in 1990 to 79% in 2010. This contradiction recalls Ulrich Beck’s pithy quote â€Å"smog is democratic†; that environmental impacts (linked to rural-urban migration and its ensuing employment) created by a small segment of the population can degrade the quality of life for a significant majority, in a ripple-like effect. However, ripple effects can work both ways, and in a positive sense too. One common example is that of the increased literacy rate as a result of rural-urban migration. From 1980 to 2000, the literacy rate increased from 84% to 93%. The literature is clear; generally speaking, a higher literacy ate and education level are two of the most significant positive externalities of rural-urban migration. The causation link between rural-urban migration and literacy is primarily due to the higher accessibility of schools in urban regions, which allow rural migrants in urban centers to more readily access schooling. This causation is however, problematic in the Philippines, where there is no wide disparity in literacy rates between rural and urban areas that would support such a causation thesis. The primary school net attendance rate in rural areas was only marginally lower at 86%, compared to 89% in urban areas. Some theorists have hypothesized that a strong historical cultural emphasis on education in the Philippines is one reason for this comparative equality in literacy rates in both urban and rural areas. Regardless, the lack of causation between rural-urban migration and literacy rates in the Philippines, further evidences that rural-urban migration, has not led to a â€Å"better life† for a significant majority of Filipinos. The discussion thus far surfaces a most important facet of the discussion – that of policy responses to rural-urban migration. It is apparent that the impacts created by the process of rural-urban migration might not be as deterministic as Harris and Todaro implied (their simplifying assumptions have been widely critiqued). It is crucial to note that the impact of the rural-urban migration process, whether positive or negative, is molded through the lens of government policy responses. In the case of the Phillipines, the indicator of increasing Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, was contradicted by a highly unequal distribution of income and rising unemployment. Policy intervention is thus required to equalize this. Also, the formations of slums are not a direct result of rural-urban migration but due to inept city planning and a lack of sufficient public housing, again demonstrating the collision between policy and process as fundamental to our discussion on the impacts of rural-urban migration. In sum, one last indicator, mentioned in passing at the beginning of this case study, of increased life expectancy, exemplifies one of the themes stated at the outset – what constitutes a better life? Does increased life expectancy constitute a â€Å"better life†, or just a longer one? Based on the evidence presented, we are inclined to think it is the latter. While Philippines represent a country in a highly urbanized state, Thailand represents one on the other spectrum. As such, our next case study will examine the rural-urban migration pattern in Thailand. When we analyze the rural-urban migration of Thailand, we can roughly translate it to the rural-urban migration to Bangkok. This is due to Bangkok’s dominance and influence in the country’s political and economical landscape. The size distribution of cities in a country roughly abides to the â€Å"rank-size rule†: The second largest city is half the size of the first largest city and the third largest city is half the size of the second. In Thailand’s case however, the second largest city is a mere 6% the size of Bangkok. As such, it is not an overstatement to describe Thailand as a one-city state. Thus in this case study, we will examine the urban landscape with reference to Bangkok as a comparison. Thailand’s urbanization rate is at a low 38% , significantly lower than their peers such as Indonesia (53%) and Malaysia (71%) (percentage not accurate as of 2012. Need comparison and citation). This figure has stalled since 2007, only changing by 0. 8% between 2002 and 2009. This is because Bangkok has stopped growing. In fact, it has shrank by 1% between 2007 and 2009. As of late, Thailand’s urbanization trends began shifting away from Bangkok to the peripheral provinces such as Songkhla; Nakhon Si Thammarat and Surat Thani. As such, while the top 10 cities in the vicinity of Bangkok grew collectively by 17%, a 1% decrease in Bangkok has dropped that urbanization growth to a mere 0. 8%. These reflect how this single city is able to impact the country’s economy. As such we shall analyze the impact of urbanization by using Bangkok as our case study. The growth of Bangkok brings about social and economical progress, with economical taking priority. National income statistics from the NESDB have shown that though contributing a mere 15. 8 per cent of total population in 1988, Bangkok and its vicinity generated more than 50 per cent of the gross domestic product. Socially, the Bangkok and its neighboring region has enjoyed better health care (2. 12 hospital beds per residents, compared with 0. 38 per 1,000 residents in Sri Saket, the poorest province of Thailand. and higher access to water (About 12 percent compared with 1. 2 percent in North, 1. 4 percent in the South, and 0. 9 percent in the North-east. ) While the figures reflect an improvement in the quality of life, this may not translate into an improvement for the people. There exist an overlying assumption that there would be a trickle down effect to benefit the less well off. Dr. Puey, a famous Thai economist observed otherwise. Thailand’s pursuit of economic growth has widened the rich-poor disparity where urbanized regions in Thailand have experienced economic benefits at the expense of villages. Furthermore, it is alleged that there has been a social tension within the rural community between the few who have benefitted and the majority who have not. Critics of these distributions of wealth have blamed the monopoly of capitalism from emerging corporations in finance and banking centered in Bangkok. On October 14, 1973, a student led uprising threw the exploitation of rural villagers in the spot light, highlighting the dissent over the rich-poor divide. Furthermore, Thailand has traded a social benefit for a social problem. As Bangkok swelled as the only go-to urban destination in the 1970s, Bangkok’s infrastructure failed to expand at the same pace as its growing population. Overpopulation and congestion were frequent social issues that the government had to address. The high influx also led to pollution, and by consequence, disease. As such, it may be argued that while the urban population enjoyed better health care services, there was also a higher propensity to get sick due to more frequent interactions and mass pollutions. As such, while the face value of urbanization reveals measurable benefits, the real value actually shows a decrease. This aforementioned issue indicates a situation where rural-urban migration works too well. Bangkok grew haphazardly without an official city plan until 1992, a growth necessitated by Economic interest. Accompanied by poor city planning is its poor infrastructure of roads, leading to massive traffic jams. BBC has ranked Bangkok as having one of the top ten worst traffic jams in the world. For residents in this urban landscape, such issues have become so commonplace that they have come to accept these problems as part of their everyday lives. The process of rural-urban migration, at least until 2007, has played the role of an instigator that negatively impacted the lives of those living in the urban landscape. Hence, rural-urban migration has its pros and cons. However, while it is important to weigh the different opportunities offered due to rural urban migration, we should also consider how these citizens perceive these opportunities offered and whether they consider themselves better off. Here lies the paradox. Both rural and urban parties perceive themselves as beneficiaries to the rural urban migration. A collection of data from six rural villages in the Nong Muun Than and Phon Muang communes revealed that villagers overwhelmingly felt that they had came up on top compared to their urban counterparts. Villages were perceived to be better in terms of standard of living, the friendliness, the working conditions and the environment to raise children although they conceded that urban areas posed a better environment to specialize. On the contrary, urban areas felt that they benefitted from better facilities, higher pay and wider job opportunities. As such, while visible problems exist in both rural and urban states, they remain predominantly contented. This approach, however, comes with its own associated problems. It fails to recognize social identity which compels participants to be more biased towards their own home society, and it also assumes all Thais are well-informed of the opportunities and problems offered in both societies. For example, villagers in a rural area may be contented with life, but they may still be unable to comprehend the benefits urban areas provide. Their contentment hence lies in their simplicity of thought rather than the effect of rural-urban migration. As such, we turn our attention to more obvious indicators while still taking account, albeit more cautiously, people’s perception of such benefits. Recognizing the growing rural-urban divide, the 9th developmental plan of Thailand explicitly tackles such rural-urban linkages in the country. Longitudinal studies on migration patterns conducted by the Nang Rong Project and Kanchanburi Demographic Surveillance System (KDSS) were used to evaluate emerging problems faced by Thailand. It concluded that economical pull factors were the main cause of migration towards urban areas, although their search for financial stability came with a string attached. According to the DFG Bangkok Migrant Survey, (2010), 67 percent of migrants reported an improvement in living conditions since leaving rural areas while 60 percent of migrants reported stable income. However, 70 percent of migrants do not possess a written work contract and 80 percent of respondents have no insurance at all. Most of these migrants consist of family members forced to find work in urban areas due to rural poverty and hence migration was influenced not out of choice but rather that of necessity. As such, although they travel to urban regions in search of better prospects, their nature of travel is necessitated for survival and their trip comes with little or no social safety net. Another issue they face is not simply acquiring employment, but rather quality employment. 70 percent of migrants earn less than 300 bahts (or $8) a day. While these still represents an increase in pay as compared to their rural counterparts, they also face a higher cost of living in an urban environment and therefor tend to spend more. Hence, most migrants aimed for quality employment, but only a mere 2 percent earn around 2. 3% fall in this category. To summarize, economical growth only represents the net value earned ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Terry Mc Gee – The Spatiality of Urbanization, The Policy Challenges of Mega-Urban and Desakota Regions of Southeast Asia- Published by Penerbit Lestari, Univeriti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor Darul Ehsan, 2009. 2 ]. The Hypothesis of the Mobility Transition Author(s): Wilbur Zelinsky Reviewed work(s): Source: Geographical Review, Vol. 61, No. 2 (Apr. , 1971), pp. 219-249 Published by: American Geographical Society Stable URL: http://www. jstor. org/stable/213996 [ 3 ]. Migration and s plit households: a comparison of sole, couple, and family migrants in Beijing, China C Cindy Fan, Mingjie Sun, Environment and Planning A 2011, volume 43, pages 2164 ^ 2185 [ 4 ]. William Petersen: A General Typology of Migration, Amer. Sociol. Rev. , Vol. 23, 1958, pp. 246-266. [ 5 ]. Devasahayam makes a compelling study of these processes hrough the lens of remittances. Making Remittances Work in Southeast Asia By Theresa W. Devasahayam in http://www. iseas. edu. sg/documents/publication/ISEAS%20Perspective_09nov12. pdf [ 6 ]. https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/wfbExt/region_eas. html [ 8 ]. http://www. census. gov. ph/content/2010-census-population-and-housing-reveals-philippine-population-9234-million [ 9 ]. Flieger, W. 1995. The Philippine population: 1980-90. Paper prepared for Conference on Population, Development and Environment, Program on Population, East- West Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, U. S. A. [ 10 ]. http://www. nscb. gov. ph/pressreleases/2004/30Jan04_urban. asp [ 11 ]. The Book [ 12 ]. Hugo, G. (1999), Demographic Perspectives on Urban Development in Asia at the Turn of the Century, in: Brotchie, J. , Newton, P. , Hall, P. and Dickey, J. (eds. ), East West Perspective on 21st Century Urban Development, Alder- shot, UK: Ashgate. [ 13 ]. World Bank Statistics [ 14 ]. Nakanishi (1996), Comparative Study of Informal Labour Markets in the Urbanisation Process: The Philippines and Thailand, The Developing Economies, 34(4): 470-96. [ 15 ]. Knight, J. and Song, L. 2002, 2nd ed. ), The Rural-Urban Divide – Eco- nomic Disparities and Interactions in China, Oxford: Oxford University Press. [ 16 ]. World Bank [ 17 ]. World Bank [ 18 ]. Source Needed [ 19 ]. http://www. irinnews. org/Report/89348/PHILIPPINES-Slum-populations-brace-for-storm-season [ 20 ]. according to Marife M. Ballesteros. [ 21 ]. World Bank [ 22 ]. http://www. epdc. org/sites/default/files/documents/P hilippines_coreusaid. pdf [ 23 ]. SCB Insight 2010, Looking beyond Bangkok: The urban consumer and urbanization in thailand) by SBS Economic intelligence sector [ 24 ]. ttp://urbantimes. co/2012/08/the-outcomes-of-rapid-urbanization-in-thailand/ [ 25 ]. SCB Insight 2010, Looking beyond Bangkok: The urban consumer and urbanization in thailand) by SBS Economic intelligence sector [ 26 ]. http://www. scb. co. th/eic/doc/en/insight/SCB%20Insight%20Dec%202010%20Eng. pdf [ 27 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 28 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 29 ]. Economic Development and rural-urban Disparities in Thailand by Prasert Yamklinfung*, Southeast Asian Studies vol 25, no. , page 342 [ 30 ]. http://archive. unu. edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu11ee/uu11ee0z. htm [ 31 ]. http://www. bbc. co. uk/news/magazine-19716687 [ 32 ]. Rural – Urban mobility in Thailand: A decision-making approach by Theodore D. Fuller, Paul Lightf oot and Peerasit Kamnuansilpa [ 33 ]. Rural – Urban mobility in Thailand: A decision-making approach by Theodore D. Fuller, Paul Lightfoot and Peerasit Kamnuansilpa [ 34 ]. http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/48316/1/4_amare. pdf (page 7) [ 35 ]. http://econstor. eu/bitstream/10419/48316/1/4_amare. pdf (Page 17) How to cite Urbanisation Is Sea, Papers

Grades Viewing System free essay sample

Introduction Over the years as technology keeps improving, more and more people are using it in their lives. It has become a significant matter in all our lives. Though some are addicted to it, others only using it once in a while, but still we all have used it at least once. Thankfully we have technology which makes our lives easier. But is this really a change for the better. Technology experience links with being computer literate, computers are invented to give high-speed answer to a very wide and complex problems that will took man-years to do it. This research study and proposed system is manual login for individual college student of Cainta Catholic College it will help to improve and develop the grading viewing of a student to avoid having too much time and process for claiming grades. This will be favourable for the college student. The Nature of the business The nature of business of registrar office are Requesting for the document, Birth Certificate, Form 137/138 and other requirements for enrolment for the new student , collecting and recording all grades personal Information and Evaluating grades. Summary of the purpose and function of the present system being investigated The registrar provides class card for every student who enrolled then the student will passed the class card to their professor. After a whole semester the professor passed the class card to the registrar office to evaluating and recording of all grades. It will bring to the college office (Deans Office) for releasing of grades to all college students to claim their class card. But it depends if the student are fully paid for the previous semester. The findings or problems encountered in the present system Late submission of the grades by the professor. Incomplete requirements of the student. Unpaid tuition or other payments if any. Not yet complied for the deadline and submission of clearance Chapter II Summary of findings Flow chart of the present system TEACHER Detailed description The registrar office will count the number of subject of the student and then they will give a class card for every college student. Afterwards, the said office will claim the grades form from the professor to know the status of the students for the previous semester if they were failed or passed. The registrar’s office will record and evaluates the Grades of the students and also they will give request form for the fulfilment of the requirements of the student. Objective of the Presents system The Registrar’s Office aims to render a qualitative management and quantitative output. Its goal is to draw a clear line of systematic functions giving emphasis to matters concerning enrolment registration, processing and issuances of academic records, verification, scheduling, archiving and other related functions that are of relevance. It mainly focuses in providing meaningful and accurate information when and where it is needed and must necessarily ensure the integrity of curricular records. Significance of the study: The Student Information Viewing And Encoding system is to help to lessen the work of the personnel in Registrar Office. Student – to provide this proposed system entitled â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† that will give more inconvenient for quick viewing of their information and grades. Registrar – Can ease the work of the staffs. Easy and quickly viewing, editing and updating the information and grades of the student. Can Add new student and delete existing student. Objective of the study We proposed a system, which is called â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† to help the school provide a viewing of college student information. It will help the students to quickly view their grades by manual login to view their grades if past or failed. This will ease in accessing the records needed for there will be an option for searching with the used password (admin) or with the used of smartcard (student) issued by the school. The viewing functions of a Student Information Viewing and Encoding System are to support the personal and study info relating to: Handling records of grades from 3rd year BSCS Section-A Handling personnel information such as student name, place of birth, birthday, religion, email address, contact number, home address, father’s name and occupation, mother’s name and occupation, elementary school graduated, high school graduated and in case of emergency informations. fully implemented program that will help to ease and view of the grades of the college III-BSCS-A It can rely on having an accurate grade. Capabilities of the present system The capabilities of the present system are as follows: Verification of enrolees Integrity of the student data of student Implementation of academic policies with regard to program and degree requirements Certification that candidates for graduation have met the academic requirements of the university Certification of eligibility of student athletes to participate Production of the undergraduate bulletin annually Production of the semester schedule of classes each semester Production of official transcripts upon student request Coordination of academic advising for undergraduate students Coordination of enrolment for undergraduate students Coordination of commencement exercises and honors convocations Evaluation of transfer credit Scope and limitations: In the study of this propose system several factors have been considered. More particularly, the scope of the study, which is an important factor, has been laid down as follows: The scope of the proposed system: Student Information Viewing and Encoding System is only allow for viewing personal information and grades for 3rd BSCS Section-A. It can be access by manual login to connect to the system. The administrator can Add new student, Edit student information and grades, delete student and grades and can search a student that you want to access. The limitation of the proposed system Student Information Viewing and Encoding System is for 3rd year BSCS Section-A only for now. The proposed system is not an internet base and networked. The enrolment system and payment system is not included in the system. Online request is not accessible. The Grades is not printable as of now. the manual hand writing records is not include in this system Only grades and information can view in the system. Chapter III Details of findings Cost analysis of the present system Office Supplies item Estimated Price Unit Price/Month Expense for year 5 Pencils 7. 00 each 35. 00 420. 00 1 rim letter size bond papers 168. 00 168. 00 2,016. 00 5 Ball pens 7. 00 each 35. 00 420. 00 10 Folders 6. 00 each 60,00 720. 00 1 Printer 4,895. 00 each 4,895. 00 4,895. 00 1 Set of Computer 12,000. 00 each 12,000. 00 12,000. 00 1 Inks 78. 00 each 78. 00 78. 00 4 Marker 20 each 80. 00 960. 00 3 Stapler 53. 50 each 160. 00 1920. 00 3 Scissors 15. 00 each 45. 00 540. 00 40 pcs. Letter envelop 2. 75. 00 110. 00 1,320. 00 3 boxes of staples wire 50. 00 each 150. 00 1,800. 00 1 Correction fluid 25. 00 each 25. 00 300. 00 TOTAL ANNUAL OFFICE SUPPLIESPhp 27,389. 00 THEORICAL FRAMEWORK Proposed System INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT CONTEXT DIAGRAM Input ID number as password ENCODE GRADES login Input password Data Flow Diagram Logindisplay grades login process login Student Admin Detailed description of the problem identified As the researchers conducted an interview with the Head of the Registrar Mrs. Cecile Cerezo, the different problems align which the registrars have come up with and for how many years their transaction process for releasing of grades become consistent and stable. The present system of the Registrar Office when it comes to grading distribution has a too long process before the student finally claim their grades and it becomes one of the main problems between the professors and the said office because of the hectic procedures in encoding the grades of the student until the announcement for releasing of student grades obtain. Chapter IV Economic Justification Cost analysis of the proposed system Item Price Estimated Total Cost Computer Server 7,000 22,000 Computer Hardware 10,000 Printer 5,000 Advantage of the present system A manual filing system cannot be destroyed by an accidental power loss. Also, hackers cannot access a manual filing system from another computer. This helps security issues. Depending on the setup, it could be an easier, more personal way to keep files and records in order. Filing cabinets can be locked with a key. Disadvantage of the present system More space is required to store the paperwork involved. The major disadvantage is that manual systems require more work and tasks that take more time to complete. Another disadvantage is the cost to maintain manual systems. It is considerably higher due to the amount of manpower needed. The Proposed System Our proposed system with regards to the claiming of grades, the registrar will no longer give class card in every student. The professor will get the name of the student for recording and collecting the grades, after this the professor will pass all the grades to the registrar which will be encoded to the system program known as Student Information Viewing and Encoding System when this process is already done the grades of the student are now ready to view by manual login by using their ID number as the password. Advantage of the proposed system Easy and quickly viewing of the grades. It will be benefits for the registrar(Administrator) and college student and it is a friendly user.. Information cannot be erased or removed accidentally by any magnetic or electrical means. The expenses for producing class card may decrease. Disadvantage of the proposed system Using a computerized system comes with its own set of problems, such as the need to protect against data loss through power failure or viruses. If the data has been incorrectly entered into the system, a mistake in data entry can throw off a whole set of data. No transaction if no electric generator. Forgot ID number for password. Chapter V Recommendations Proposed user of the system Input your ID number as your password in manual login. Wait for accessing of the program for your grade result. You can now view your grades and your personal information. The progress for the grading process is one of the reasons of the researchers for the proposal regarding about their system it will be useful and accessible for the student and it is a technology based and program friendly. Proposed hardware to be used: Computer hardware refers to the physical parts or components of a computer such as monitor, keyboard, computer data storage, hard drive disk, mouse, system unit Proposed Computer Language to be used After using several techniques of investigation, the recommended system is now ready to be built. In attempt to construct a user friendly interface for the users, a preferred programming language called Microsoft Visual Basic 2010, which is a general proposed object oriented programming language for front-end the proponent have design the system flowchart that would be helpful in the system design. The database structure has been constructed and SQL Server 2008 R2 shall be used as the back end. Tables are organized, primary keys have been set and normalization has been achieved. User desired output is the goal in designing the system. In order to protect the system for unauthorized use, a system user identification number is required for restriction. For the system and database security, the management will handle the data back-up. Proposed location of the computer The proposed system of the researchers would be place in the College building at the front of Deans Office because there is a facility adequate for the said system and it can easily be found by the users. Proposed Time frame for the completion of the proposed system (GANTT CHART) Months Preparations June July August September October 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Planning Analyzing Interview Documentation Detail Designing Development Testing Revising Final Start End Proposed professional fee for the development of the system Professional and item needs Estimated Price Total Price 2 Programmers 25,000. 000 50,000. 00 1 maintenance 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Hardware Hard Disk 5,000. 00 5,000. 00 Computer 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Printer 10,000. 00 10,000. 00 Software Visual Basic 2010 SQL DataBase Windows exp/vista/7/8 TOTAL DEVELOPMENT COST85,000. 00 Chapter VI Conclusion The study about the grading viewing with regards to the proposed system of the researchers which is â€Å"Student Information Viewing and Encoding System† will improve the capabilities of the school when it comes with the computer and technology base system. As the study pertain on a long process of claiming grades of the college student and by the help of the said system the process must be highly accessible and capable with computer program which the researchers desiring to imply. The proposed system must be approved because it will help the school to lessen the process in terms of grading viewing and information, most especially for the college student which will benefit the said system. And if ever when it was approved the registrar will no longer use too much paper supplies for printing the individual evaluation of grades for every professor of every college student also known as class card, instead of that only one paper slip will be needed and it is favourable because the school will save money, aside from that it doesn’t need too much task compared to the present system and it never demand more procedure for it was made easy and quickly process thoroughly. The system transaction no need internet connection and the function of the program rely on what have installed in the computer and it can be manipulated by the authorized and designated personnel for managing the system and secured by the school regulation. Chapter VII

Reality, Illusion And Foolish Pride Essays - The Cherry Orchard

Reality, Illusion and Foolish Pride In the plays The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov, A Doll's House by Henrik Ibsen, and Galileo by Bertolt Brecht, the protagonists' mental beliefs combine reality and illusion that both shape the plot of each respective story. The ability of the characters to reject or accept an illusion, along with the foolish pride that motivated their decision, leads to their personal downfall. In The Cherry Orchard, by Anton Chekhov, Gayev and Miss Ranevsky, along with the majority of their family, refuse to believe that their estate is close to bankruptcy. Instead of accepting the reality of their problem, they continue to live their lives under the illusion that they are doing well financially. The family continues with its frivolous ways until there is no money left (the final night they have in the house before it is auctioned, they throw an extravagant party, laughing in the face of impending financial ruin) Even when Lopakhin attempts to rescue the family with ideas that could lead to some of the estate being retained, they dismiss his ideas under the illusion that the situation is not so desperate that they need to compromise any of their dignity. Lopakhin: As you know, your cherry orchard?s being sold to pay your debts. The auction is on the twenty second of August. But there?s no need to worry, my dear. You can sleep soundly. There?s a way out. Here?s my plan. Listen carefully, please. Your estate is only about twelve miles from town, and the railway is not very far away. Now all you have to do is break up your cherry orchard and the land along the river into building plots and lease them out for country cottages. You?ll then have an income of at least twenty-five thousand a year. Gayev: I?m sorry, but what utter nonsense! (Later in the Dialogue) Mrs. Ranevsky: Cut down? My dear man, I?m very sorry but I don?t think you know what you?re talking about.... Lopakhin: If we can?t think of anything and if we can?t come to any decision, it won?t only be your cherry orchard, but your whole estate that will be sold at auction on the twenty-second of August. Make up your mind. I tell you there is no other way. (Page 621-622)? This inability on the behalf of the family to realize the seriousness of their situation is due to their refusal to accept reality. If they had recognized the situation they were in, and dealt with it, (they may have been able to save some of their money, or even curbed their spending) they could have saved themselves. Unfortunately, once things got bad for them financially, they refused to accept that fact that circumezces had changed, and instead continued to live as though nothing were wrong. They adopted this illusion as a savior of their pride, and the illusion eventually became reality for the family. Their pride wouldn?t allow for anything else. They were too proud to accept that their social status, and financial status was in jeopardy, so they chose to live a life of illusion. In their imaginary situation, they were going to be fine. It is easier to believe something when you really want it to be true. Unfortunately, outside situations don't change, even if you can fool yourself into thinking they don't exist. The illusion that they used to run their lives became the source of their downfall. Since they grasped at their illusion so tightly, in vain hopes that it would replace reality, they failed to deal practically with their problem, until it got to the point where they had to. They were kicked out onto the street, and had all of their material things taken from them. The most important thing they had -- their status -- was gone. In A Doll's House, by Henrik Ibsen, property and status are again destined to be lost. The illusion is twisted. At the beginning of the play, Nora leads a life under the illusion that everything was perfect. She lives for eight years with the knowledge that she has broken the law, and betrayed her husband. Though it was necessary, the psychological toll it took on her and the family

The Basic Structure of a Thesis - Proofeds Writing Tips Blog

The Basic Structure of a Thesis The Basic Structure of a Thesis How a thesis should look can vary between colleges, so its always best to check the guidelines youve been given. However, the basic structure of a thesis should incorporate all the sections described below. Cover Page Abstract Acknowledgements Table of Contents Introduction Literature Review Methodology Results, Analysis and Discussion Conclusion Bibliography Appendices Cover Page This will include the title of your thesis, your name and the name of your college. It may also feature your course title and the name of your supervisor. Check with your supervisor if you need to add any extra details. Abstract This is a summary of your thesis and shouldnt be more than 500 words. Acknowledgements This is your chance to thank your professors, friends, family and anyone else who may have helped along the way. Table of Contents This helps your reader navigate your document. If youre using Microsoft Word, you can even add a dynamic table of contents, as well as automatic lists of figures and charts. In addition to looking professional, these can be updated at the touch of a button after making revisions to save time and effort later on. Introduction The introduction should briefly outline your topic and the main areas you will cover in your work without going into too much depth. The key is to give your reader the information they need to understand the rest of your thesis. Literature Review A literature review examines past research in your subject area. Try to explain how the studies you mention have influenced your ideas and how they are relevant to your work. Methodology The methodology section of a thesis should provide a detailed description of how you intend to collect and analyze your data. Results, Analysis and Discussion The results, analysis and discussion sections of a thesis are where you present, analyze and evaluate the data you have gathered. How you do this will depend on your subject area and your schools requirements, since sometimes the results are presented separately from the discussion, while sometimes a combined Results and Discussion section is preferred. Conclusion This should summarize your entire argument and explain its overall significance. You may also want to present recommendations for applications or further research, depending on the subject area. You should not introduce any new information here. Bibliography/Reference List This is where you list every source you have used in your thesis. If in any doubt about how to do this, use a reference generator to check you have included all the necessary information. Whether you need a reference list (all sources referenced) or a bibliography (all sources consulted during research) will depend on the citation system youre using, so remember to check your style guide. Appendices This is where you should put any extra material that cannot be included in the main body of your thesis. This can include interviews, questionnaires or transcripts. Professional Proofreading If youre still not sure about the structure of your thesis, why not send yours to the professionals at Proofed? As well as correcting spelling and grammar errors, we can give you feedback on the structure and flow of your prose, allowing you to make any changes necessary before submitting your work.

Aristotles concept of justice Essay Example for Free

Aristotle’s concept of justice Essay In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. However, in order to explain the statement that justice can only be found in the laws established by the state I would like to point out the last two types of justice and the notion of equity Aristotle refers to in his book. The first is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies and there is the notion of equity that works in unusual cases. With understanding these three concepts we can reach to the conclusion that according to Aristotle justice can not only be found in the laws established by the state and he is right in claiming such an idea. Anyone who is a virtuous person can also be just. But not everyone who is just is also virtuous. Would you consider someone who kills the murderer of his wife a murderer? Would you put him in the same position as Jack the Ripper? Do you think justice is protected by the law? Is it just to stone adulteresses to death even if it complies with the law? Which law is just and which is not? What are the criteria? Are the laws of the state enough to maintain justice?Such questions can be boosted up to thousands if one starts to think about justice, itsconnotations and the relation between justice and law. The debate is a long-lasting one. In his book The Nichomachean Ethics, Aristotle discusses the concept of justice in Book V. Justice is used with its many different connotations. There is particular justice, distributive justice, reciprocal justice, political and social justice, domestic justice, natural and conventional justice. I would like to point out the last two types of justice in order to understand Aristotle’s idea of law and justice relation in a state. According to Aristotle, there is natural justice, true for everyone, and next to that there is conventional justice which can differ in different societies. Natural justice is the kind of justice that can be applied to every human being regardless of nation, race, religion, etc. It has the same validity everywhere and do not depend on acceptance. Aristotle argues that â€Å"the things which are not just by nature but by human enactment are not everywhere the same, since constitutions are not the same, though there is  by one which is everywhere by nature the best† (124). Accordingly, the conventional justice is set by the society and in some cases by the rulers of the society. However, Aristotle suggests that, for the laws established by the state, a law can be just whether it is for the advantage of the law makers or the rulers or the dominant class. In The Nichomachean Ethics, he says that â€Å"the laws†¦on all subjects aim at the common advantage either of all or of the best or of those who hold power†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (108). He adds that every kind of conventional justice is created in one way from the natural justice and it is normal that they may differ from one society to another. For instance it is by the law to drive on a certain side in Turkey and in Britain people drive on the other side of the road. Both laws are created to maintain justice and order. However there are laws which are created by the state such as the law that women have to wear veils which seems to us not just but what is important to Aristotle is not what we think but how that society with that particular law is affected. As long as the law works for the society, regardless of its rightness, it maintains justice. Let’s give an example, at the times of Roman Empire the gladiators fight with each other or with lions, they know that they are going to die at the arena but they do not show any fear, they fight with their honors and they die with an honorable death. Mentioning that laws are created to be functional, to stabilize and control the society, Aristotle talks about the â€Å"equitable justice† in which he stresses that there are cases in which the universal law or justice does not suit to the case in hand. He suggests that laws guide people in the direction of justice but they do not encompass all the cases about justice or injustice. In such conditions he suggests that the judge interferes and corrects â€Å"the law where it is defective owing to its universality† (133). Equity means the correction of the law when it is too abstract for the situation in hand. Aristotle here suggests that the judge or the legislator should find the balance and give the right decision in such situations. Taking these ideas into consideration, according to Aristotle, the laws of  the state are enough to maintain justice for their people only to a certain extent because in some cases the decision making authority is not the law but the jud ge. I think Aristotle is right in making such a claim because of many reasons. First of all, if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is tooabstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Furthermore, if there arecases in which the law does not work, we can not say that the laws established by the state maintain the justice at all times unless we see the starting argument as a generalization. However it is also not possible to know the qualities of the judge whether he is biased toward the case that he balances with the law. Accordingly there may be some cases in which justice may not be maintained because of the origin (in Aristotle’s words â€Å"universality†) of the law does not cover the case or because of the judge’s personal qualities. Consequently if the conventional laws are the extensions of natural laws and the natural laws are universal and do not change in any situation but still there are circumstances in which the natural law is too abstract for the case and the judge and the legislator is the one who is to adapt the law to the case, we can not say that either the natural laws or the conventional laws (the laws established by the state) maintains the justice. Aristotle’s concept of justice. (2016, Jul 25).

GLOBAL CHANGE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

GLOBAL CHANGE - Essay Example He argues that some of these skeptics are using a lot of money in their goal to attract scientist to come up with findings that favor their argument. This serves as a precaution on whoever takes these skeptics serious in their arguments on global warming. These skeptics, majority who are non scientist also set up some obscure arguments trying to defend the causes of global warming. They are shamelessly claiming out that the current global warming experienced is usually as a result of increase in the amount of radiation coming from the sun (Dixon& Weaver, 2009). This clearly shows their hidden agendas on why they are opposing the scientific facts on causes of global warming. Facts stand that the sun only warms the earth surface only a third of a watt per square meter. This effect is minimal compared with the impact of the green house gases that human beings have emitted. It is estimated that these green house gases warm the earth about three watts per square meter. This simply means that these green house gases emitted by human beings are three times detrimental to the climate as opposed to the sun effect (Dixon& Weaver, 2009). The arguments brought out by these skeptics in their attempt to counter scientific facts and findings are so vague. So the world should be extremely careful when dealing with the arguments of these skeptics on global warming. Majority of the skeptics are out to cause confusion on the attempt by scientist to address the problem of global warming; thus they should be entirely

Trying to Downsize Try Downsizing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Trying to Downsize Try Downsizing - Essay Example The author quotes Lola O'Rourke, spokeswoman for the American Dietetic Association, as saying, "If people could simply reduce their portions by a third, they would cut out a huge amount of calories". The author cites a study that was reported in Obesity and Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. The study found that dieters who used pre-packaged managed portions lost significantly more weight than a group that were allowed to choose their own portions. Being able to select the proper amount of food to consume is the first key to successful dieting. The author suggests that we simply become more aware of the serving size. She contends that the size of bagels, cheeseburgers, and soft drinks have grown dramatically in recent years and has resulted in calories that have more than doubled. In the midst of this super-sized climate it's important that the dieter be able to select the correct amount. Doheny suggests splitting a meal with a partner or simply ordering a smaller portion. Of course, there is always the doggy bag to take home food that is in excess of your dieting needs. The author also suggests we weigh our food at home when we prepare it. In the event that weighing is not possible she offers several tips on visualizing the correct portions.

Job roles within Asda Essay Example for Free

Job roles within Asda Essay Area manager The area manager Philip Davies has a clear but hard Job which he gets well rewarded for, Philip Davies has to make major and long term decisions which could be vital to Asda, obviously he has to actually run he business day in day out and he has to attend regularly board of directors meetings plus he has to do basic and boring paperwork for most of each day. Philip Davies needed good qualifications to become the Area manager of Asda and his qualifications are: * A masters degree in Business * A degree in management * 3 A-levels * 5 A*-C grades at G. C.S.E Without these sorts of qualifications Philip Davies could never have become the Area manager of Asda. Philip Davies has to work 40 hours per week and he gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½85,000 per year. Plus as a benefit of being the area manager Philip Davies gets a company car every 3 years. Store manager The store manager Gary Hall has a slightly similar job to the Area manager except he does not communicate to the board of directors and the store manager has to work more with the employees inside of the store and he has to check that everything is going well throughout the store. The store manager is responsible for the performance measures in his store: sales, stock loss, labour cost, customer service and Licence to Trade (Health Safety and Food Quality). The Store Manager is also responsible for managing and developing their team of Duty Managers. Gary Hall also needs good qualifications to be the store manager and they are: * Business Degree * Management degree * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E These qualifications are a lot like the Area managers (Philip Davies) qualifications, probably because the jobs are similar. Gary Hall has to work 50 hours per week. Gary Hall gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½60,000 per year and as a benefit he too gets a company car every 5 years. Managers Each manager has their own department to look after and they are: * Finance department * Customer services department * Market research department * Duty department * I.T administration department * Human Resources department The responsibilities of a manager are: * Decision making * Problem solving * Planning, setting targets (long-term objectives) * Ensuring that targets are achieved * The organisation of the working environment With a good manager all of these responsibilities can be completed. Finance manger The finance manger Sue Williams is responsible for many things the most important one being the finance department in which Sue Williams has many responsibilities like: * Accounting * Budgets * Salaries Sue Williams is also responsible for looking after her employees in the finance department. Sue Williams takes her orders from Gary Hall the store manager and then she uses her finance team to conduct those activities. Like Philip Davies and Gary Hall, Sue Williams also needed good qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E Customer services manager The customer services manager Ben Adams in his job role will have to make sure that every customer goes home happy. Ben Adams does not actually talk to any customers because his job is to tell his customer services team how to make there customers happy. Not only does Ben Adams have to make all the customers happy but he also has to try and make a sale and that is why Ben Adams also has to try and get his team to make a sale. Like all of the other managers Ben Adams takes his orders from Gary Hall and he has to do his best to complete the jobs that Gary Hall assigns for him. To get the job as customer services manager Ben Adams needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being the Customer services manager Ben Adams gets discounts when he shops at Asda. As the Customer services manager Ben Adams has to work 48 hours per week and sometimes he may be expected to work overtime and Ben Adams gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year and he may get paid more if the store manager thinks he deserves it Market research manager The Market research manager Ian Roberts is responsible for everything that goes on in the Market research department one half of the department has to design a product based on the customers preferences and the other half of the department has to try and sell the product that has been designed. The qualifications that Ian Roberts needed were: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being Market Research manager Ian Roberts also gets a discount on his products whenever he shops at Asda. Like most of the other department managers Ian Roberts has to work 48 hours per week and he to gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year. Duty Manager The Duty manager James Davis Is responsible for a variety of things but he is mainly in charge of the stock and the warehouse. James Davis is also responsible for all trade operations and James Davis has to make sure that all of the employees in the Duty department all work well together and all work to their full potential and of course he also has to make sure that all of his employees are happy in their working environment. As well as trade operations James Davis also has to improve sales and profitability and at times he and his team may deputise for the store manager Gary hall. To become the Duty manager, James Davis needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E And of course like all the other department managers James Davis as a benefit receives discounts on his items whenever he shops at Asda. James Davis has to work 48 hours per week and as the Duty manager he gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year. I.T. and Administration manager The I.T. and Administration manager Sue Williams has many responsibilities like being in charge of everyone in the I.T. and Admin departments (plus the finance department) so she has many activities which mostly consist of filling out forms and reports also Sue Williams has to ensure that all of the employees in her departments work effectively and of course she has to set everyone their tasks each weak and each month the store manager will tell Sue Williams what she will have to do by the end of the month. To be the I.T. and Administration manager Sue Williams needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As the manager of I.T and Administration and Finance Sue Williams has to work 60 hours per week plus a lot of overtime. Because Sue Williams is the manager of two departments she gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½42,000 per year and more if the store manager thinks she deserves it. Sue Williams also gets discounts on whatever she buys at Asda. Human resources manager The Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher is responsible for a lot of things like: * Recruitment * Training * Dismissal * Promotion * Health and Safety It is Stuart Thatchers job to make sure that all of these jobs get done well and to make sure that they do get done well Stuart Thatcher has to set out appropriate tasks for his team and he has to plan everything that his team will have to do for Asda, e.g. if the store needed 5 more employees for staking shelves or whatever it would be Stuart Thatchers job to make sure that the right people were appointed for the store, or another example could be that if the store needed two people to be laid off then it would be Stuart Thatchers job to dismiss the two employees. To become the Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher needed these qualifications: * Degree in management * 3 A-levels * 4 A*-C grades at G.C.S.E As a benefit of being the Human resources manager Stuart Thatcher gets a discount on anything he buys at Asda. Stuart Thatcher has to work 48 hours a week, plus he may sometimes be asked to work overtime. As the manager of the Human resources department Stuart Thatcher gets paid à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25,000 per year and more if the store manager thinks he deserves it.

How Artists Act as Gentrifiers :: Artists Gentrification TriBeca Essays

How Artists Act as Gentrifiers From TriBeCa to SoHo to Dumbo, artists tend to agglomerate in well-publicized art centers rich in loft space. However, the paradox of artistic agglomeration is that artists are eventually priced out of the region of agglomeration as their presence attracts bourgeois residents and capital-rich businesses that together bid up rents. Art centers thus possess a dynamism that other regions of agglomeration, like Silicon Valley or Route 128, do not share. While the dynamic quality of art centers is well-known, artists’ crucial role in gentrification is not. Often, artists are considered victims of gentrification since they are often the ones being priced out of a region by more affluent businessmen. However, artists play a crucial role in the gentrifying process as they help revitalize areas of past stagnation and crime. That artists are eventually priced out of the regions they helped to revive is not necessarily inefficient as they move on to improve the next low-rent industrial area leaving the old art center with increased land value and more businesses. To understand how artists act as gentrifiers and fit into capitalist plans to raise land value, we must first establish a working definition of gentrification as: â€Å"A process by which dilapidated subdivided dwellings or slum neighborhoods are taken over by the wealthy or their agents through purchase, the non-renewal of leases or occasionally, the harassment of tenants, and then converted to expensive single-family housing. Gentrification is a reversal of the normal filtering process, for it involves old substantial dwellings that usually filter down the social hierarchy but in this case are recolonised and filtered back up.† (Yardley 3-4) Since identifying artists’ role in the gentrification process is the subject of this paper and since the process relies on the establishment of an arts center, we must first ascertain artists’ reasons for agglomerating. Artists agglomerate for four primary reasons: to efficiently coordinate complex and ordinary inputs, to facilitate training, to aid in gatekeeper filtering, and to gain the public exposure necessary to effect sales (Caves 26). Artists living in art centers enjoy low-cost access to specialized auxiliary service providers, like low-cost, high-variety suppliers of the art’s raw material, whether it consist of frames, paints, musical instruments, etc. While this cost advantage might play a small role in agglomeration, an art center’s ability to employ critical writers and important industry publications, which are necessary to legitimize and popularize the artists, provides increasing returns to an art market’s scale.

Ethics and Compliance

Ethics and Compliance Fabian Marrero, Kevin Martinez FIN/370 March 9, 2013 Norberto Molina Perez Ethics and Compliance In this paper we will as a team: Assess the role of ethics and compliance in your organization’s financial environment. Describe procedures your organization has in place to ensure ethical behavior. Explain how financial markets work in the United States. Identify processes the organization uses to comply with SEC regulations.Evaluate your organization’s financial performance during the past 2 years, using financial ratios. Calculate the ratios for each year: Current, Debt, Return on equity Discuss the trend for each ratio and what it tells you about the organization’s financial health. The business code and ethics code at the company Lowe’s stores begins with the board of director’s right through to the newest of workers. The requirement to read and follow the code of conduct is vital for all who are associated or represented by th e company.Compliance with governmental regulations involving ethics is valued by Lowe’s and held strong. The application of ethics financially, under section B of the code of conducts states: â€Å"employees and members of their immediate families should not have any financial interest, direct or indirect, in any organization that is or is seeking to be a supplier of merchandise or other property or services to the company† (Lowe’s, 2012).Areas of importance that are also covered in the codes pertaining to financial concerns are â€Å"payments to governmental officials or other persons, the importance of accurate books and records along with adhering to internal controls to financial reporting, protection, and proper use of company assets, public company reporting, and insider trading according to the code of conduct. † (Lowe’s, 2012). The possession of information or knowledge of a transaction or attempted transaction must be informed to the emplo yee’s direct supervisor.There is a strong encouragement towards employees to utilize the business’s open door policy or simply by using the website at www. ethicspoint. com (Lowe’s, 2012). Any situations involving any executive officers such as principal executive officers, financial officers, are concern given charge to the general counsel and chief compliance officer. Zero tolerance is given for any retaliation towards any individual that goes against the reporting of any violations of the conduct codes.The ability of the exchange of previously issued financial assets from individuals to businesses is the main purpose of the financial markets in the U. S. The actual structure brings borrowers, investors, and intermediaries that put together the financial institutions and markets that put both together as a whole. Finance companies, insurance, investment companies, investment banks, are some of the organizations that can compromise the marketplace. The majority of the time individuals deal with commercial banks on a daily basis.The recession of 2008 what greatly due to some non bank intermediaries that made a great number of citizens remove their funds from financial marketplaces. Securities play a significant role in the marketplace in addition to these organizations. These markets are made up of primary and secondary markets. The primary markets are made up of new securities so firms may utilize them to raise capital to assist with financing. The transference of previously issued securities that investors move within each other is secondary markets.Securities can consist of common stock, preferred stock, equity, and debt securities. Finally, financial markets provide the money necessary by companies and individuals and create links between investors and corporations. Because of the stock market crash of 1929 the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission was created. S. E. C. mission is to regain the confidence in investors in capital mar ket by issuing information that is reliable with honest and clear rules. Under this commission any publically traded entity must disclose their financial information by law.This allows the investor the information necessary about selling, buying or even holding a specific security. Under the SEC regulations, publically traded organizations must disclose their financial information. This information provides investors common knowledge about buying, selling or holding a particular security. Last but not least, â€Å"the S. E. C. s primary responsibilities are to protect investors, maintain fair, orderly, and efficient markets, and facilitate capital formation† (U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2012). Lowe’s has been a publicly held company since October 10, 1961. Lowe’s list’s on the New York Stock Exchange with shares trading under the symbol LOW. The New York Stock Exchange is the largest financial industry brands in the world. Membership with th e NYSE has made one regarded as a valuable property since 1868. In April 2006, the NYSE went both electronic and public that the exchange was a membership-only organization† (New York Stock Exchange, 2012). Since Lowe’s is a publically traded entity, it must file reports with the Securities and Exchange Commission.Some important documents such as, Annual reports, quarterly, current and any other reports necessary for the S. E. C. to properly evaluate the business and its use for investors. Financial reports must have accuracy and be in full compliance with the regulations of the SEC. Finance statements together with the independent registered accounting firm by the name of â€Å"Deloitte and Touche LLP† show that this practice â€Å"acknowledges adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934† (Lowe’s 2012).This basically means that this firm is agreeing to give their full ass urance to the company that their finance reporting will be reliable and will present accurate financial statements for publishing. Reports to the SEC are as follows: Balance sheets, consolidated statements, statements of cash flows, notes to consolidated financial statements, statements of earnings. Serious violations from organizations of misleading information, fraudulent accounting practices, and even insider trading can cause SEC to use civil enforcement against a business for security law violation.EDGAR (Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system) is a automated collection and validation system that by law is required to file forms. â€Å"The primary purpose of EDGAR is to increase the efficiency and fairness of the securities market for the benefit of investors, corporations, and the economy by accelerating the receipt, acceptance, dissemination, and analysis of time-sensitive corporate information filed with the agency† according to the (U. S. Securitie s and Exchange Commission, 2012).Historical ratios in comparison to a business’s current period ratios to determine if a firm’s financial status is growing or in deterioration. Ratios illustrate a company’s performance and current ratios permit a company’s liquidity by putting in comparison current assets and current liabilities. Measurement of debt ratio shows the amount of assets financed by borrowing. The rate of return earned by common shareholders’ in the firm is known as return on equity, and finally accounts receivable turnover ratio shows the amount of times that it rolls over throughout the year.Throughout 2010 the economy was demonstrating sings of recuperation, but increasing rates of unemployment were visible in the home improvement industry. A decline in the value of property, tight credit for consumers, and disposable income was slow to grow. Illustrations below show the continued growth in the business. Growth and stability and above all, growth in the long run show that Lowe’s has expectations to maintain a flow of cash throughout the next few years. Financial Performance of Lowe’s: Current Ratio | Debt Ratio | 2010 | 2010 | 3005000 = 2. 37 times | 13936000 = 42. 2% | 13936000 | 33005000 | | | 2011 | 2011 | 33699000 = 2. 16 times | 15587000 = 46. 3% | 15587000 | 33699000 | Return on Equity | 2010 | | 1783000 x 4815 x __1__4818 3300500 1-0. 42 | 36. 53 x 0. 0015 x 1. 72 = 9. 4% | | 2011 | | 2010000 x __50208__ x ___1___50208 33699000 1-0. 463 | 40. 03 x 0. 0015 x 1. 86 = 11. 2% | Accounts Receivable Turnover Ratio 2010 | 2011 | 32250000___ = 0. 42 days | 34790000___ = 0. 49 days | 208000/365 days | 193000/365 days | | |To finalize the company we have chosen continues to follow its ethical behavior tradition within the home improvement world. The business will keep with updating codes of ethics as the demand for the best environment for customers is what they strive for. SEC assures that Loweâ€⠄¢s continues to follow old and new regulations always. The financial performance is visible proof of their continued effort for improvement. With the information given we can clearly see that Lowe’s will keep in the home improvement industry as one of the major players in the years to follow.References Lowe’s. (2012). Investor Relations. Retrieved from http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=95223&p=irol-IRHome Lowe’s. (2012). Lowe’s 10-k annual report. Retrieved http://phx. corporate-ir. net/phoenix. zhtml? c=95223&p=irol-reportsannual New York Stock Exchange. (2012). History. Retrieved from http://nyse. nyx. com/history U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission. (2012). What we do. Retrieved from http://www. sec. gov/about/whatwedo. shtml

Arabian Nights Essay

In The Arabian Nights, a collection of Arabic folktales, Shahrazad uses the â€Å"ËÅ"Chinese box effect’ to connect her stories to one another in order to continue telling the story to King Shahrayar. The tale of the Husband and the parrot has number of tales that are related to each other tales and to the original story in many complex ways. The subtales of The Story of the Fisherman and the Demon focus on a particular theme, trust, with relations between the characters and the analogy of the situations. A close reading of The Tale of the Husband and the Parrot reveals this particular tale told by King Yunan to the vizier is placed in the book particularly to increase the importance of trust. By linking the tragic death of King Yunan to his distrustful action, Shrazad ultimately tries to convince King Shahrayar to make the right decision: not to kill Sharazad herself and other women. The tale makes an analogy with the tale of the King Yunan and the sage Duban. It parallels the king to the husband and the sage to the parrot. The parrot appears as â€Å"intelligent, knowledgeable, smart and retentive,† (p. 41) just like the sage is described in the story. By listing these adjectives about the parrot, the king emphasizes the parrot is a trustworthy bird that should not be killed. On the other hand, the king thinks the wife, who is â€Å"splendidly beautiful that she was perfect itself† (p. 41) and does not let her husband travel and leave her behind, should not be trusted. King Yunan suggests that the vizier is playing a trick on him like the husband â€Å"had been tricked by his wife† (p. 42). The effect of this clear analogy between the tales is that it leads the readers to expect the king not to kill the sage because â€Å"the same thing will happen,† (p. 42) meaning that the king will have regrets if he kills the sage. The purpose of this particular tale is to strongly advise the virtue of trust. Against expectation, King Yunan kills the sage just like the husband killed the parrot in The Tale of the Husband and the Parrot. In both cases, the main characters regret what they have done. King Yunan does not take his own advice: â€Å"Don’t do what you will regret afterward† (p.41). Instead he kills the sage, which he regrets afterwards which destroys the expected ending of the tale. Then, the readers start to wonder what significance this one-page tale has in The Story of the Fisherman and the Demon. As the tale  of the King Yunan and the sage Duban proceeds, the significance of the tale of the husband and the parrot becomes clear. As a result of King Yunan mistrusting the sage and lacking the confidence in his belief, the king dies of a tragic death. By presenting this tragedy of the king who made the wrong choice by trusting the jealous vizier, the story emphasizes the importance of making a morally correct decision and having a faith in it. If the tale of the husband and the parrot had not been in the story, the king would not have had the choice that was morally right and therefore would not have shown his indecisive nature. The existence of the correct decision that the king should have made causes the death of the king to be more tragic which reveals a stronger message to trust in others that have good conscience and believe in oneself. Another role of the Tale of the Husband and the Parrot involves its purpose to the original situation of Shahrazad and the king. The king has a big difficulty in trusting women due to his wife’s unfaithfulness, like the husband’s distrust of the parrot and the King’s distrust of the sage in the tales. The main goal of Sharazad is to convince the king to make the decision with his good conscience not to kill the women he mistrusts. She suggests that the king should â€Å"not do what he will regret afterward,† because â€Å"the same thing will happen to† him (p. 41) as did to the husband and King Yunan. The tale of the King Yunan and the Sage Duban is used as Sharazad’s prophecy that applies to the king Shahrayar if he determines not to trust her. The tragedy teaches King Shahrayar a strong lesson of the faith in moral judgment and the trust in people with good conscience. The amazing influence of the â€Å"ËÅ"chinese box effect’ in the whole book can be well observed in the Tale of the Husband and the Parrot. The fact that this tale does not influence King Yunan’s decision of the sage enhances the misfortune hence making the theme of the whole story even stronger. The close relation of characters in the sub-tales allows the advice of the tale to affect the characters in all of the tales as well as the ultimate target of Sharazad’s persuasion, King Shahrayar. Sharazad influences King Shahrayar’s decision upon trusting women and his morality in the process of telling stories that are related to the theme, trust.

How to Convert Cubic Meters to Cubic Feet

How to Convert Cubic Meters to Cubic Feet Cubic feet and cubic meters are both measures of volume, the former in the imperial and U.S. customary system, and the latter in the metric system. The conversion is most easily explained with an example problem: How many cubic feet of space is enclosed by a box measuring 2m x 2m x 3m? Solution Step 1: Find the volume of the box Volume in m ³ 2m x 2m x 3m 12 m ³ Step 2: Determine how many cubic feet are in 1 cubic meter 1 m 3.28084 ft (1 m) ³ (3.28084 ft) ³ 1 m ³ 35.315 ft ³ Step 3: Convert m ³ to ft ³ Set up the conversion so  that the desired unit will be canceled out. In this case, we want ft ³ to be the remaining unit. Volume in ft ³ Volume in m ³ x 35.315 ft ³/1 m ³ Volume in ft ³ 12 m ³ x 35.315 ft ³/1 m ³ Volume in ft ³ 423.8 ft ³ Answer The volume of space, in cubic feet, enclosed by a box measuring 2m x 2m x 3m is 423.8 ft ³ Cubic Feet To Cubic Meters Example Problem You can work the conversion the other way. As a simple example, convert 50.0 cubic feet to cubic meters. Start with the conversion factor: 1 m3 35.315 ft3 or 1 ft3 0.0283 m3 It doesnt matter which conversion factor you use, providing you set up the problem correctly. Volume in cubic meters 50.0 cubic feet x (1 cubic meter / 35.315 cubic feet) The cubic feet will cancel out, leaving cubic meters: Volume in cubic meters is 1.416 m3.

America's Constitution Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

America's Constitution - Assignment Example By taking this action, the plaintiff queried if it was really constitutional. Although it was done under the guidance of the Takings Clauses of the Fifth Amendment, it was challenged for not in a compliance with the public purpose. However, according to the Michigan Comp Laws clause 213.23, a county government has an authority to condemn a private property and use it for public purposes. Meaning, whenever a municipality decides to condemn a private property, it should be used for the activities which are meant for the common good such as the creation of employment opportunities to the citizens. So, like in this case, the municipality was constructing the park to help in generating numerous jobs to the people. This would be a good initiative that would help in reducing the high rate of unemployment within the municipality and helping the municipality to increase its revenues through taxation. As clearly spelled out in the article 10(2) of the Michigan Constitution, any constitutional condemnation should be justly done. Meaning, whenever the government seizes a private property, the owner must be fairly and justly compensated. A fair compensation simply refers to giving financial payments that correspond to the current and actual market value of the property as at the time of condemnation (Amar93). Therefore, while planning to build such a big park, the County of Wayne must be ready to compensate all the individual owners whose property has been condemned. After all, condemnation is a constitutional process that is permitted by the law if done for a public purpose.

Warrant less wire tapping violation of rights Research Proposal

Warrant less wire tapping violation of rights - Research Proposal Example the United States, 389 U.S. 347 (1967) in which wire-tapping was identified as unreasonable search that should only be conducted with a warrant (Duke University 1). There are, however other legal provisions that warrant wire-tapping violation of rights that the fourth amendment provides for, based on the 1967 judicial interpretation. â€Å"Inevitable-discovery doctrine and the good-faith doctrine† are examples that compromise the fourth and fifth amendments’ protection of privacy and application of associated information as evidence against a subject (Hess & Orthmann 95). It is therefore necessary to investigate validity of such exceptions and the proposed study will investigate the following research question. The study will use survey design and collect data through focus group. The group will consist of two sets of people: defense layers with a minimum of ten years experience and experience in a wire tapping case, and professors in human rights law. Discussion will focus on the participants’ knowledge on wire-tapping violation of rights and their opinion on validity of existing and possible laws that allows for wire-tapping violation of rights. Data will be analyzed